英語談?wù)撐牡膶懽鳎蠖嘤性敿?xì)關(guān)鍵(即觀念或論據(jù))的限制，所以并不需要如何地縱橫捭闔，如何地引經(jīng)據(jù)典。可是，麻雀雖小，五臟俱全，一篇100來字的談?wù)撐模嗤斜匾壿嬀o密，結(jié)構(gòu)明晰，言語簡(jiǎn)練，有必要論有中心，言而有據(jù)。以下筆者試從華章結(jié)構(gòu)、語句修辭和詞匯運(yùn)用等三個(gè)方面來談一談寫好一篇小談?wù)撐牡母巨k法和技巧。

　　華章結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(一)先有規(guī)則，然后才干從心所欲，不逾矩

　　談?wù)撐牡膶懽鳎⊥鶑恼磧煞矫鎭碚撜f，且都有其約定俗成的談?wù)撔问剑磸?ldquo;主題句一正面論說，不和論說一定論”四大塊去營建文章的根本結(jié)構(gòu)(四塊論)。例如，某標(biāo)題要求論說“校園規(guī)則‘課間學(xué)生只能呆在自己的教室里’對(duì)嗎?”這一論題。假如作者認(rèn)為校園的規(guī)則不對(duì)，他就應(yīng)該在文章榜首塊(段)亮出自己的觀念：There is currently much discussion about whether students should stay in their own classrooms or not during break times.Personally I believe that—。而第二塊應(yīng)該從正面論說“課間不能只呆在自己的教室里”的理由。比方可以說：I would argue that break times are our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 第三塊則從不和觀念，即“課間只能呆在自己的教室里”動(dòng)身，駁斥對(duì)方觀念或進(jìn)一步論說己方觀念。例如可以說：Another reason why people say that students have to stay in their own classes at break times is that it would be difficult to organize dinners.最終一塊(段)則用不同的言語再次著重已方觀念。乍一看去，談?wù)撐?ldquo;四塊論”似乎有“八股文”的嫌疑，但“四塊論”契合人的認(rèn)知規(guī)則，所以值得多多仿照和練習(xí)。

　　(二)環(huán)繞中心論說，保證論說的內(nèi)容直接為主題服務(wù)

　　在上例中，“學(xué)生課間時(shí)不能只呆在自己的教室里”是主題句，論說時(shí)應(yīng)該緊緊環(huán)繞它。有的同學(xué)在寫的時(shí)分先說“學(xué)生若課間被答應(yīng)到其他班級(jí)活動(dòng)，就可以交到更多的朋友”，然后又說“交到更多朋友就可以學(xué)到更多常識(shí)”，“學(xué)到更多常識(shí)就可認(rèn)為社會(huì)做出更大的奉獻(xiàn)”……這種論說方法形似環(huán)環(huán)相扣，承上啟下，實(shí)則是中心松懈的流水賬，提到最終，不只讀者會(huì)一頭霧水，連作者自己都會(huì)忘了自己在說什么。

　　(三)建立并寫好觀念，并將其置于每一段的段首

　　整篇文章有整篇文章的中心觀念，每一階段有每一階段的分觀念。選取觀念時(shí)要問一問自己：這一觀念是否會(huì)讓自己服氣?假如—個(gè)觀念連自己都?jí)悍涣耍鸵獟仐壦ｋA段觀念的出現(xiàn)不能羞羞答答，猶報(bào)琵琶半遮面，也不能深藏不露，讓讀者去總結(jié)和歸納，而有必要在文章開篇或階段最初就亮出來。觀念置于篇首或段首，才干提綱挈領(lǐng)，也是保證不跑題的條件。以下兩個(gè)比如中，榜首個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)松懈，群龍無首，令讀者不知所云;而第二個(gè)比如則中心杰出，規(guī)矩謹(jǐn)慎。請(qǐng)看：

　　1、Firstly，it is very convenient in daily life.There are many shops and supermarkets in a city.I can buy everything I need easily in these places.When I am sick，I can easily see a doctor in any clinic or hospital.Transport services are good in a city.when I want to go somewhere，I can take a bus，a train or something else.There are also many kinds of entertainment in a city.Public buildings(such as libraries)and parks can easity be found in a city，too.

　　2、First，it is convenient and comfortable to live in a city.To begin with，there is good housing in a city，as all the houses and flats are well-equipped with good facilities and surrounded by modern amenities such as places of entertainment，public libraries and parks.

　　而中心句的寫法也有考究。中心句有必要能高度歸納地點(diǎn)階段的論據(jù)，它的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)該在每—個(gè)論據(jù)中都有重復(fù)或恰當(dāng)表現(xiàn)。那種無關(guān)痛癢的敘說或說明性的語句，是不適宜用作中心句的。例如：

　　1、Students always feel relaxed and happy during breaks.(敘說性語句)

　　2、Break times are scheduled for about 10 minutes.(說明性語句)

　　以下便是論說“校園規(guī)則‘課間學(xué)生只能呆在自己的班級(jí)里’對(duì)嗎?”的一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作：

　　Although some people believe that students should stay in their own classrooms during break times，I would like to argue that we should be allowed to spend break times in another class.

　　The most important reason for believing that is that many students have friends in other classes.We spend all day in our own classroom，and break times are the only time we have to spend with other friends.It can become very tedious(令人厭倦的)to have to spend even more time with the same people.

　　A further reason for allowing student to choose where they spend their break times is that it would stop arguements.If students are forced to spend time with classmates who are not good friends，they can annoy each other.This leads to problems that have to be sorted out by teachers.

　　Teachers argue that we all should stay in our own classes，because it is then easier to know what is going on.They say that it is difficult to keep track of students when they are walking round the corridors.However，students could be given the chance to choose a different classroom to spend the whole break time in.That would mean that there would not be any students in the corridors.

　　As I have explained，although it might be a little easier to manage when everyone stays in their own classroom，it would make break times happier for all students if they were allowed to choose where they spent their time.

　　這篇成考專升本的范文契合“四塊論”的根本形式，正反論說統(tǒng)籌，結(jié)構(gòu)謹(jǐn)慎，中心杰出。