湖南成人教育學(xué)位英語(yǔ)【閱讀理解】解題方法指導(dǎo)

 
閱讀理解試題的做題方法我們稱(chēng)之為還原定位法，即把試題準(zhǔn)確地在原文中進(jìn)行定位，找到答案所在的句子。這種方法的運(yùn)用有三個(gè)步驟：
1.       先看試題，后讀原文。
　　這樣做既節(jié)省了時(shí)間，又提高了做題的效率和準(zhǔn)確度。
2.       對(duì)試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行模糊定位。
　　因?yàn)樵囶}的出題順序和文章的敘述順序存在高度的一致性。
3.       對(duì)試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。
　　對(duì)試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位的前提是抓住試題中的標(biāo)志詞和關(guān)鍵詞。標(biāo)志詞主要包括①專(zhuān)有名詞，是指表示人名、地名和組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的名詞，這樣的名詞在文章中一般都要大寫(xiě)；②表示時(shí)間或年代的詞；③專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯，這樣的詞匯一般都是比較難懂，一般是我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯。關(guān)鍵詞是指表達(dá)試題內(nèi)容的中心詞，一般是試題中的名詞和名詞詞組。
 
[應(yīng)用舉例]
Scientists are racing to build the world’s first thinking robot．This is not science fiction：some　say they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk，speak and feel are no longer science fiction．Kismet is the name of an android(機(jī)器人)which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).(31)Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotions．Its eyes，ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored．Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids——robots that look like human beings——which Can imitate human feelings．(32) Cog，another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother．However, scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a two—year—old．
(33)The optimists(樂(lè)觀主義者)say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(機(jī)器人)with brains similar to those of all adult human being．These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public．What kind of jobs will they do? (34)In the future，robots like Robonaut，a humanoid invented by NASA，will be doing dangerous jobs，like repairing space stations．They will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan，scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano．
Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物)?Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro—computers，connected to the Internet，in the future．People will have micro—chips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小裝置)．Perhaps we should not exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will still feel pain．Who knows?
 
31. Kismet is different from traditional robots because
  A. it thinks for itself
  B. It is not like science fiction
  C. it can look after two—year-old．
  D. it seems to have human feelings．
解：本題的標(biāo)志詞是Kismet，關(guān)鍵詞組是different from traditional robots，我們?cè)谖恼碌诙蔚牡诙湓捴姓业搅嗽囶}在文章中的位置，細(xì)細(xì)讀這句話。選項(xiàng)D和這句話的意思是最接近的，因?yàn)榈诙湓捴杏羞@樣一句it Can show human emotions，選項(xiàng)中的feelings和文章中的emotions是同義詞替換，這是閱讀理解正確項(xiàng)的一個(gè)出題原則。因此是正確答案。
 
32. What makes Cog special?
  A. It looks like a mother．
  B. It behaves like a child．
  C. It can imitate the behavior of a mother．
  D. It has a huge brain．
解：本題的標(biāo)志詞是Cog，接著讀文章，在文中尋找關(guān)于Cog的論述。關(guān)于Cog的論述出現(xiàn)在31題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文的后面，只有兩句話，仔細(xì)讀完這兩句話后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)C和原文是對(duì)應(yīng)的，只是文中的單詞action被替換成了他的同義詞behavior，這是學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試中閱讀理解選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，即同義詞替換。
 
33. In about 15 years’ time from now，robots
  A. will become space designers．
  B. will look like monsters．
  C. will behave like animals．
  D. will think like humans．
解：本題的標(biāo)志詞是表示時(shí)間的15 years’ time，在讀文章是要注意文章中時(shí)間詞出現(xiàn)的地方。　　
我們接著度第三段，讀完以后，我們?cè)谖恼轮袥](méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)15 years’ time。但根據(jù)模糊定位的原則，第三題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文就出現(xiàn)在第二題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文的下面，我們?cè)僮屑?xì)讀第三段。在第一句話中，只出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間詞2020，題目問(wèn)的是“從現(xiàn)在起15年以后，機(jī)器人會(huì)…”，我們一經(jīng)算計(jì)，15年以后，那就是2020年了。所以題目是間接的提問(wèn)，需要經(jīng)過(guò)我們的計(jì)算。那么這道試題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文就是第三段的前兩句話，讀完后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)D. will think like humans．和文章中的句子with brains similar to those of all adult human being．是最接近的，選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)文章句子的同義改寫(xiě)，這又是閱讀理解試題選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的一個(gè)原則。
 
34. In the future robots will also
  A. explore space．
  B. entertain people．
  C. move much faster．
  D. do all of the housework．
解：這道試題的標(biāo)志詞是表示時(shí)間的詞組In the future。我們接著第三題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文接著往下讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)下面一句話中出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)表示時(shí)間的詞組，因此我們認(rèn)定正確答案就在這些句子之中。讀完這些句子后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B在這些句子的最后一句話中出現(xiàn)了。選項(xiàng)D是不正確選項(xiàng)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較絕對(duì)化的單詞，如選項(xiàng)D中的all，以及every、each、the best等等，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般說(shuō)來(lái)都是錯(cuò)誤的，這是閱讀理解錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的一個(gè)原則。
 
35. What is the writer’s attitude to robots in the future?
A. Critical (批評(píng)的)
  B. Hostile (敵意的)
  C. Objective(客觀的)
  D. Enthusiastic (熱情的，熱心的)
解：這道提問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于將來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度。是最后一道試題，根據(jù)模糊定位的原則，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)最后一段來(lái)答題，因?yàn)槲恼轮芯褪Ｏ伦詈笠欢挝覀儧](méi)有讀。現(xiàn)在讀一下。從作者的敘述來(lái)看，并沒(méi)有對(duì)將來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的利弊做出評(píng)價(jià)，文章是以一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句結(jié)尾的：who knows? 從這一點(diǎn)看來(lái)，作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、中性的。因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。
 
 

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