在英語單項填空題中，有很多是針對學生解題的思維定勢所出的“陷阱”題。出題人往往通過句子結構的某些變化，來達到干擾學生的思維、使學生誤入歧途的目的。同學們要學會識別干擾因素，理清句子結構，保持清醒頭腦，提高抗干擾能力，從而避開"設題陷阱"，提高解題的準確性。
 
命題人通常采用下面一些手段，來設計題干干擾信息:
 

一、插入語干擾

 
1. He believes in himself, _________,  in my opinion,  is of great importance.
A. that                  B. which               C. what                D. as
 
2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?
A. happens            B. has happened    C. happening         D. to happen
 
3. John plays football _________,  if not better than，            David.
A. as well             B. as well as          C. so well             D. so well as
 
4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever                  B. whomever               C. who                 D. those
[析]這類題主要是利用插入語，增加句子的復雜程度，從而達到干擾學生視線的目的。我們只要去掉冗余信息(插入語)，答案就一目了然了。
 

二、標點符號干擾

 
5. Tom，_________sure to come tomorrow.
A. is              B. be             C. was          D. would be
[析] 很明顯，Tom在這里并不是句子的主語，而是稱呼語。
 

三、疑問句干擾

 
命題人利用一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的特殊結構，達到干擾目的。解題時，只要把句子還原為陳述句，就可以看清它的廬山真面目了。如:
6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow， Tom or Smith?
A. have to go               B. have go            C. have gone         D. had go
[析]我們可以把它變為陳述句:I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原來是把句子的賓語提前到了句首，go是省去了to的不定式作賓語補足語。
 

四、倒裝句干擾

 
7. On the grass_________two sheep.
A. lies            B. lie             C. lying         D. laid
[析]這個句子的語是two sheep而非grass，故選用復數謂語動詞。
 

五、從句和先行詞分離干擾

 
同位語和定語從句一般情況下是緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時為了句子平衡的需要，先行詞和從句分開，從而造成了干擾。如:
8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research.
A. that           B. which               C. whether            D. if
[析]后面的句子是一個同位語從句，而它的先行詞是句首的question。
 

六、省略句干擾

 
9. The girl is very shy， and never speaks until_________to.
A. spoken             B. speaking           C. speak               D. be spoken
[析]這個句子從句省去了相同的主語she和be動詞，可以恢復為:The girl is very shy， and never speaks until she is spoken to.
10. If you don't go there，_________I.
A. neither do         B. nor will             C. so do               D. neither did
[析]此句盡管條件狀語從句用的是一般現在時態，但并不一定表示現在的動作。從句子意義來判斷，動作發生的時間應該在將來，很顯然，它省去了一個將來時間狀語。
 

七、被動句干擾

 
11. Every minute is made full use of_________at our lessons.
A. to work            B. working            C. having worked         D. being worked
[析]有些同學一見到介詞，后面馬上用名詞或動名詞。這恰恰落入了命題人設置的陷阱。此題of的賓語實際上是every minute。如果把它變為主動式，答案就顯而易見了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.
 

八、搭配干擾

 
有時，出題人故意造成是某種固定搭配的假象，似是而非，極易上當。
 
12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening.
A. that           B. which               C. where              D. at which
[析]時間狀語that evening前面不必加介詞in，故這個定語從句應用關系代詞引導，考慮到先行詞被very修飾，故用that引導定語從句。試比較:This is the very room where I slept in the evening.
 
13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy.
A. change             B. has changed             C. changing          D. having changed
[析]he was used to在句中作定語從句，修飾life。分析句子結構，整個句子缺少謂語動詞，故填入主句謂語。
 

九、定語從句干擾

 
14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations.
A. pass          B. to pass             C. passing             D. passed
[析]that he could (do) 是定語從句，修飾all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的狀語。
 
15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again.
A. it              B. it repaired         C. repaired            D. to be repaired
[析]這道題考查了兩個知識點，一是考查了have sth. done結構，二是定語從句。she had had repaired(had的賓語which在定語從句中提前，且省略了)是定語從句，修飾the washing machine。此句可譯為:"布朗夫人很失望地發現她剛剛請人修理好的洗衣機又出了毛病。"
 

十、非正常語序干擾

 
16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.
A. from         B. in              C. of             D. at
[析]為了保持句子平衡，該句采用了非正常語序。該句的正常語序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意為"改善家庭居住條件占去了我僅有的一點業余時間。"there is是定語從句，用來修飾前面的名詞短語what little of my spare time。
 

十一、強調句干擾

 
17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters， rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what         B. that           C. /               D. which
[析]此句是強調句，強調主語。可還原為:The protection for the trees really matters， rather than how many trees are planted.
 

十二、詞形變化干擾

 
18. -I like football.
-_________my sister and me.
A. So do               B. So are              C. So did              D. So it is with
[析]如不仔細觀察，學生很可能選擇A。應該要注意這里的me。我們知道so does sb. 句式是一個倒裝句，即sb. 是句子的主語，要求用主格。
 

十三、多義詞干擾

 
試比較下列兩個例句:
 
19. He is a strange character，_________is very hard to get along with.
A. who          B. which               C. that           D. where
 
20. He has a strange character，_________makes him difficult to get along with.
A. who          B. which               C. that           D. where
[析]多義詞character在兩個例句中有不同的含義。在例1中，character表示"人物"，例2中，character表示"性格"。
 
參考答案:
01-05 BBBAB       06-10 BBCAB
11-15 AABBC       16-20 CBDAB
 
 

湖南成人教育學位英語【語法】解題方法指導（2）：免費下載（word文檔）